Evelyn De Morgan

”At work a little after 7... 17 today, that is to say seventeen years wasted in eating, dawdling and frittering time away... Art is eternal, but life is short... I will make up for it now, I have not a moment to lose.”

- Evelyn De Morgan

Evelyn was born in 1855 in London to upper-class parents. The Pre-Raphaelite artist John Roddam Spencer Stanhope was her maternal uncle. It seems he paved the way for her to become an artist.

In 1872 Evelyn studied briefly at the South Kensington National Art Training School. Her aspirations were at odds with the school's traditional emphasis on the feminine idea of art. The Slade School of Art was established the next year. It welcomed female artists on the same terms as men. Along with Mary Watts (née Tytler), De Morgan became one of the first three female students.

De Morgan rebelled against her middle-class upbringing and gender stereotypes of the time. She had a coach and escort to take her to the Slade. Embarrassed and horrified, she insisted the coach dropped her off a block away. Carrying heavy paints and canvases was preferable to being seen as elite.

At the Slade, De Morgan's artistic talent soon became obvious. Winning a scholarship and £50 per annum stipend proved her worth.

She was one of the first exhibitors at the Grosvenor Gallery, the avant-garde alternative to the Royal Academy. She was a fine draughtswoman. Her drawings are often mistaken for those of her male contemporaries, Frederic Leighton and Burne-Jones. De Morgan continued to paint and exhibit professionally for the rest of her life.

De Morgan's artistic talent is striking. Her paintings are all of exceptional quality and her unique style and oeuvre set her apart from her contemporaries. Despite this, she is not particularly well-known. Could this be because her sister kept all of her pictures in a private collection until her death in the 1960s? Her sister's collection is the cornerstone of the De Morgan Foundation's collection today, which is the largest and most comprehensive in the world.
Cadmus was changed into a serpent by Mars, his wife Harmonia, depicted as a statuesque young maiden in the embrace of her transfigured husband.

Evelyn De Morgan, Cadmus and Harmonia, 1877, oil on canvas

De Morgan Foundation
Study of a male head for Evelyn De Morgan's painting Boreas and Oreithyia.

De Morgan, Evelyn, Study for ‘Boreas and Oreithyia’, male head looking down to left, 1896, paper.

De Morgan Foundation

Evelyn's drawings are enlightening. They reveal her skill, but also help us to understand her working process. She developed loose compositional sketches to detailed life studies of figures. Grey or brown paper was usually the base for her pencil and pastel. Her double studies of clothed and nude figures are particularly fascinating. In these we see her obsession with the human form and desire for accuracy.

De Morgan also produced exquisite studies of details. Faces, hands and feet were also studied at length to ensure realism.

It is clear that once she chose a composition and posed the model and studied, De Morgan rarely deviated from her concept. Scrutiny of the extant oil paintings proves this point. There is very little reworking or over painting. Complex compositions and ambitious attention to detail in the paintings makes this astonishing.

As a final element to her working process, De Morgan executed detailed compositional studies. We can consider these as works of art in their own right and Evelyn often sold them as such.

De Morgan usually painted on prepared canvases in oil paint, which is a long-standing convention. She did however paint some oil on wooden panel pictures. She also experimented with a technique called 'the process' which her husband invented.

De Morgan's early work defies the Aestheticism it is stylistically similar to. Usually this art was only beautiful and devoid of meaning. However, De Morgan used the style, but chose narrative subjects. Subverting this status quo allowed her to address social issues in an acceptable way. Night and Sleep (1878) features the personified forms of night and sleep in a typical Aesthete dreamlike landscape. Including bright red poppies that dominate the visual space clearly comments on the Opium Wars and the Laudanum crisis.

Her large jewel-like pictures with minute attention to detail look Pre-Raphaelite. However, her depiction of Rossetti's favoured model Jane Morris as an old woman pondering the passing of time in The Hourglass (1905) ridicules the Brotherhood's objectification of women.

De Morgan exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery and New Gallery in London. MPs like Sir Charles Dilke bought her pictures. Her popularity was such that she held a solo exhibition in London in 1906 and in Wolverhampton in 1907. This achievement was an unprecedented success for a female artist at that time.

In this painting Evelyn portrays two young boys resting against the Lady of the Night, whose cloak flies behind her in the wind.

De Morgan Evelyn, Sleep and Death: The Children of Night, 1883, oil on canvas

De Morgan Foundation
n this painting the element of rain, thunder and lightning are personified as strong, beautiful female spirits, causing chaos and turbulence in the sea below them.

De Morgan, Evelyn, The Storm Spirits, 1900, oil on canvas.

De Morgan Foundation

De Morgan became involved in many of the leading issues of the day. Prison reform, pacifism and spiritualism were all ills in society her pictures addressed. She was also involved with Suffrage movement. In 1889 she added her name to the "Declaration in Favour of Women's Suffrage".

Her social consciousness is most notable in her pacifist paintings. In 1916 she exhibited these in her studio to raise funds for British Red Cross and the Italian Crocce Rosa. Rainbows, stars and olive branches feature in these pictures to portray peace.


Further Reading